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Thursday, February 20, 2020

Aetna Medicare Plans for Your Healthcare Needs

Mutual of Omaha Medicare

Aetna Medicare Plans Go Beyond Original Medicare

Original Medicare is a federal health insurance plan that consists of Medicare Part A (hospital insurance) and Medicare Part B (medical insurance). To qualify, you must be 65 or over, and in most cases, you’re automatically enrolled in Part A and Part B once you’re eligible. In addition, individuals under 65 who receive Social Security disability insurance may qualify for Medicare.

Original Medicare coverage includes many health care services, yet some enrollees find that the plan isn’t sufficient enough to meet their needs. As a result, they end up spending a lot of their own out-of-pocket money. Original Medicare doesn’t include a prescription drug plan, nor does it include coverage for many other healthcare services such as vision or dental. If you need more than what Original Medicare can offer, it’s time to explore Medicare plans offered through the private health insurance company Aetna.

To make sure you’re getting the most out of Medicare, here’s a look at some Aetna Medicare plans which could be a better fit for your needs.

What Is Aetna Medicare Advantage (Part C)?

If you’re looking for Medicare coverage outside the federal government, an Aetna Medicare Advantage plan could be what you’re looking for.

Medicare Advantage plans are also referred to as Medicare Part C. As a basic rule, any Medicare plan sold by a private insurance company must offer the same benefits as Original Medicare. For this reason, Medicare Part C automatically includes the benefits of Medicare Part A and Part B. In addition, you’ll receive benefits that Original Medicare doesn’t offer.

For example, several Medicare Advantage plans offered through Aetna also include prescription drug coverage. This is known as Medicare Part D. As people age, their healthcare needs change and certain medications might be needed on a regular basis.

Without prescription drug coverage, you would pay for many prescriptions yourself. Having a Medicare Part D plan, however, can reduce what you pay out of pocket for medication.

Keep in mind that some Medicare Advantage programs don’t include Part D as a benefit. So make sure you research plans carefully and then choose one that offers the coverage you need.

If you currently have Original Medicare, you may not pay a monthly premium for coverage. This isn’t the case with a Medicare Advantage program. Since Aetna is a private insurer, you may have a monthly premium, which can vary by plan and location.

Key points of an Aetna Medicare Advantage plan:

  • Depending on the plan, you might be required to use doctors and hospitals within a specific network.
  • These plans include additional healthcare benefits (dental, vision, hearing, non-emergency transportation, fitness programs).
  • Coverage isn’t usually available outside the U.S.
  • Some plans may have copayments, coinsurance, and deductibles. These are your out-of-pocket expenses for covered services.

You can enroll in Medicare Part C when you initially become eligible for Medicare. The Initial Enrollment Period is three months before the month of your 65th birthday and ends three months after your 65th birthday.

You can enroll later if you don’t enroll at this time, but only during annual Open Enrollment Periods.

How Does Aetna Medicare Part D Work?

You don’t have to enroll in an Aetna Medicare Advantage program to get Medicare Part D prescription drug coverage.

While Medicare Part D is included as a benefit in some Medicare Advantage plans, there’s also the option to purchase Part D coverage alone.

If you purchase Medicare Part D as a standalone policy, you may pay a monthly premium for coverage. In addition, your plan may include a deductible and copayments.

Purchasing a standalone policy is beneficial if you have Original Medicare, which doesn’t automatically include prescription drug coverage. Ignoring or thinking you don’t need this type of coverage can be a costly mistake. Some prescription medications are inexpensive, but others can cost hundreds of dollars each month. According to Aetna, it’s estimated that approximately “40% of people over the age of 65 take five or more medications per day.”

With regard to Medicare Part D enrollment, it’s always best (or rather cheaper) to enroll in a plan when you initially become eligible for Medicare. Your Initial Enrollment Period is also the three months before your 65th birthday and three months after your 65th birthday.

You can enroll after your Initial Enrollment Period during open enrollment but you may pay a higher premium for coverage.

How Do You Need Aetna Medicare Supplement Insurance?

Aetna also has Medicare options for people enrolled in Original Medicare.

Since Original Medicare doesn’t cover all healthcare expenses, many older adults end up paying a lot for deductibles, copayments, and coinsurance. The good news is that there is a way to save money and reduce some of your upfront costs.

To do so, though, you’ll have to purchase a Medicare Supplement insurance plan through Aetna. This is optional coverage, but well worth the cost because supplement insurance pays some of the healthcare costs that Medicare doesn’t.

Medicare Supplement insurance includes several plans with varying coverage amounts based on where you live. To learn about available plans in your area, search for Aetna Medicare supplement insurance in your state or speak with a licensed insurance agent to get a free, personalized Medicare Supplement quote.

An example of Medicare Supplement insurance plans offered through Aetna includes:

Benefits Plan A Plan B Plan F Plan G Plan N
Part A Coinsurance and Copay 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Part A Coinsurance and Copay 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Part B Coinsurance and Copay 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Part A Deductible 100% 100% 100% 100%
Part B Deductible 100%
Blood (first 3 pints per year) 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Part B Excess Charges 100% 100%

When is Aetna Medicare Open Enrollment?

The best time to enroll in an Aetna Medicare plan is when you are first eligible. If you choose to enroll at a later time, you can only do so during open enrollment, which is every year from October 15 to December 7.

During open enrollment season, you can enroll in Medicare for the first time, switch from Original Medicare to Medicare Advantage Part C, as well as switch to a different Medicare Advantage program. Open enrollment is also when you’re eligible to sign up for Medicare Part D and a Medicare Supplement insurance plan.

Understanding how Medicare works and its different parts is how you’re able to get the most out of your coverage. Medicare is not one size fits all, so a plan that works for someone else might not work for you. Do your homework, ask questions, and choose an Aetna Medicare plan that will meet your individual healthcare needs.



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Tunisia bid to host Caf Champions League final

The Tunisian Football Federation has submitted a bid to host this year's Caf Champions League final.

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The 10 Best Portable Coffee Makers: Aeropress, Delter, And More

Whether it's Aeropress, French press, or faux espresso, we've found the best ways to make a great cup of Joe anywhere.

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ILM Used 'Fortnite' Tech to Make Virtual Sets for 'The Mandalorian'

Those beautiful landscapes Baby Yoda played in? They were created on a virtual production platform called StageCraft. Now any director can use it.

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Governments Are Clamping Down On Foreign Tech Investments

China, Israel, Russia, and the US are among the many countries blurring the line between prudence and paranoia.

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Elizabeth Warren comes out swinging at Michael Bloomberg at Democratic debate

Elizabeth Warren did not come to play with Mike Bloomberg yesterday.

READ MORE: George Zimmerman sues Pete Buttigieg and Elizabeth Warren over Trayvon Martin tweets

As soon as the proverbial bell rang at the Las Vegas Democratic debate, the Massachusetts senator came out swinging at the billionaire former New York City mayor and she held no punches the entire night. She politely raised her hand to speak before plowing into a litany of Bloomberg’s past gender and racial offenses.

“I’d like to talk about who we are running against, a billionaire who calls women ‘fat broads’ and ‘horse-faced lesbians.’” Warren shot off. “And, no, I’m not talking about Donald Trump, I’m talking about Mayor Bloomberg.”

“Look, I’ll support whoever the Democratic nominee is but understand this: Democrats take a huge risk if we just substitute one arrogant billionaire for another,” Warren warned, comparing Bloomberg to Trump.

It was a powerful night for Warren, whose campaign had been dragging in recent weeks due to her poor showing in New Hampshire. One pollster this week even failed to include her, instead polling Amy Klobuchar (D-Minn.) as the only woman candidate with a chance to win the presidency, reported Rolling Stone.

Not only did Warren deliver a debate knockout to Bloomberg, but she also handed the other five Democratic candidates some smoke as well. She ended with a plea to Americans on why her candidacy is so important.

“This country has worked for the rich for a long time and left everyone else in the dirt,” Warren said at the debate. “It is time to have a president who will be on the side of working families and be willing to get out there and fight for them. That is why I am in this race and that is how I will defeat Donald Trump.”

Warren’s performance went over big with political pundits, former democratic rivals and social media users.

“Tonight was like watching Bloomberg’s first day in the prison yard and Warren immediately making him her bitch,” opined Larry Wilmore.

“Look at what Elizabeth Warren did to Bloomberg within seconds. Tonight, she made it irrevocably clear that she would absolutely demolish Donald Trump – and win. Don’t let those cute cardigans fool you,” tweeted Ashlee Marie Preston.

Julian Castro, former secretary of Housing and Urban Development under President Barack Obama and recent Democratic presidential candidate himself, also loved what he saw.

“Elizabeth Warren shows in debate after debate that she’s the candidate with the experience, plans, and vision to unite our country to beat Trump. The media may try to count her out. But she will keep persisting and showing why she’s the best person for the job,” tweeted Castro.

 

The post Elizabeth Warren comes out swinging at Michael Bloomberg at Democratic debate appeared first on TheGrio.



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Fintech Exec Kahina Van Dyke Once Turned Down a Role to Make Her Manager Feel Better

Portraits of Power Kahina Van Dyke

Featuring a broad cross-section of women who have distinguished themselves across a rich variety of careers, our Portraits of Power series is a celebration of the 50th Anniversary of Black Enterprise, and of black women. It’s a place for today’s businesswomen to share their own favorite images and their own stories, in their own words. Today’s portrait is Kahina Van Dyke, who’s been a consumer finance and financial technology executive with Citi, Mastercard, and Facebook.

Kahina Van Dyke

Board Director, Progressive

My first job was a paper delivery girl at 14.

My big break came when I packed my bags, left everyone I knew, and moved overseas in my 20s.

I’ve had to work hardest at separating failing and failure.

I never imagined I would keep re-imagining my possible.

I wish I’d learned sooner to take bigger risks and ignore advice from people who will never “get” me.

The risk I regret not taking is in my first international assignment. I was offered a breakthrough CEO role and said no to make my manager feel better.

If I could design my fantasy self-care day, it would be spent moving (biking/hiking) through nature in the morning, lying on the beach in the afternoon, and eating dinner under the stars with my peeps.

Being a great mom while creating a new equitable, resilient and inclusive global leadership model keeps me up at night.

When I’m struggling, I say to myself, “One spoonful at a time. Fear will not keep you safe. You are descended from warriors.”

I am unapologetically different.


Portraits of Power is a yearlong series of candid insights from exceptional women leaders. It is brought to you by ADP.

Kahina Van Dyke will be a speaker at the 2020 Women of Power Summit, March 5-8 at The Mirage in Las Vegas. Register here to join us!



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The US Blames Russia's GRU for Sweeping Cyberattacks in Georgia

By calling out Russia for digital assaults on its neighboring country, the US hopes to head off similar efforts at home.

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The Best iPad (2020): Which Apple Tablet Should You Buy?

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How a Princess Cruise Became a Coronavirus Catastrophe

The 2,666 passengers signed up for a two-week vacation. They ended up at the heart of a global epidemic.

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Actress Tamala Jones chosen for new ABC series called ‘Rebel’

Actress Tamala Jones is gearing up to star in a new ABC series called Rebel, inspired by the true-life story of activist, Erin Brockovich.

Jones, who acted in Castle, will play opposite Katey Sagal in the drama that is being executive produced by Brockovich. Written and also executive produced by Krista Vernoff, Rebel is about Annie “Rebel” Bello (played by Sagal), a brilliant and fearless legal advocate who does not hold a law degree. Rebel takes up causes that she believes in and fights for blue-collar people who don’t often have a voice, according to Deadline.

READ MORE: Civil Rights movement anthology series backed by Jay-Z and Will Smith in the works at ABC

In the series, Jones plays Lana, Rebel’s former sister-in-law. Lana is wise and works as Rebel’s investigator. She is a recovering addict who sometimes scrutinizes Rebel’s direction. The cast also John Corbett, who plays Rebel’s third husband, Grady Bello, considered to a jack of all trades. On the pilot, Grady and Rebel have an adopted teenage girl named Ziggie.

In addition to Rebel, Jones will have a recurring role on Fox’s series 911: Lone Star, playing Det. Washington, who is investigating an unsolved case. Recently, Jones acted in L.A.’s Finest and SEAL Team for CBS. She has also starred in the film What Men Want. Jones is repped by APA and recently signed with Alchemy Entertainment.

READ MORE: Kerry Washington is bringing ‘Reasonable Doubt’ to ABC

Sagal starred in Married … with Children and Sons of Anarchy. Corbett previously starred in Northern Exposure and Sex & Drugs & Rock & Roll.” He also won us over on Sex and the City and in the comedy My Big Fat Greek Wedding.

Other executive producers of Rebel include Alexandre SchmidtJohn Davis, and John Fox. ABC Studios and Sony Pictures Television are producing.

 

The post Actress Tamala Jones chosen for new ABC series called ‘Rebel’ appeared first on TheGrio.



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Alabama Rep. Rolanda Hollis Proposes Mandatory Vasectomy Bill

Rep. Rolanda Hollis

According to The Grio, a state legislator in Alabama has introduced a bill that would require men to undergo a vasectomy, at his own expense, “within one month of his 50th birthday or the birth of his third biological child, whichever comes first.”

House Bill 238, which was introduced last week by Rep. Rolanda Hollis (D) states: “Under existing law, there are no restrictions on the reproductive rights of men. This bill would require a man to undergo a vasectomy within one month of his 50th birthday or the birth of his third biological child, whichever comes first.”

“The vasectomy bill is to help with the reproductive system, and yes, it is to neutralize the abortion ban bill … it always takes two to tango,” she tells AL.com. “We can’t put all the responsibility on women. Men need to be responsible also.” She also states that she is “both” pro-life and pro-choice.

In a statement to ABC News, Hollis says, “Many have seen HB-238 as an outrageous overstep; yet, year after year the majority party continues to introduce new legislation that tries to dictate a woman’s body and her reproductive rights. We should view this as the same outrageous overstep in authority,” she said. 

“I do not believe that women should use abortion as a birth control, but I do believe that if a woman is raped or if it’s incest or anything like that, then she has the choice to do what she wants to do.”

She added, “Just as I would turn to my doctor over my state legislator to make recommendations when deciding whether or not to have a surgery, or whether or not to take a certain type of medicine, it is my doctor with whom I—or any of my loved ones—should consult when it comes to making the incredibly difficult decisions related to my personal reproductive rights.”

She stated that Alabama’s taxpayers have paid over $2.5 million in legal fees to the American Civil Liberties Union to fight the pending abortion ban. 

 



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Lesotho's Thomas Thabane to be charged with murdering his wife

The prime minister says he will retire in July, as police accuse him of murdering his estranged wife.

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Bluetooth-Related Flaws Threaten Dozens of Medical Devices

Hundreds of smart devices—including pacemakers—are exposed thanks to a series of vulnerabilities in the Bluetooth Low Energy protocol. 

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Cities Fighting Climate Woes Hasten 'Green Gentrification'

Seawalls, parks, and elevated buildings can protect against rising tides. But they can also push the price of housing up, and longtime residents out.

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Ethiopian 18th Century crown returns home from Netherlands

Former refugee Sirak Asfaw found it in a suitcase and has protected the crown for the past 21 years.

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Wednesday, February 19, 2020

Cryptographic “tag of everything” could protect the supply chain

To combat supply chain counterfeiting, which can cost companies billions of dollars annually, MIT researchers have invented a cryptographic ID tag that’s small enough to fit on virtually any product and verify its authenticity.

A 2018 report from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development estimates about $2 trillion worth of counterfeit goods will be sold worldwide in 2020. That’s bad news for consumers and companies that order parts from different sources worldwide to build products.

Counterfeiters tend to use complex routes that include many checkpoints, making it challenging to verifying their origins and authenticity. Consequently, companies can end up with imitation parts. Wireless ID tags are becoming increasingly popular for authenticating assets as they change hands at each checkpoint. But these tags come with various size, cost, energy, and security tradeoffs that limit their potential.

Popular radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags, for instance, are too large to fit on tiny objects such as medical and industrial components, automotive parts, or silicon chips. RFID tags also contain no tough security measures. Some tags are built with encryption schemes to protect against cloning and ward off hackers, but they’re large and power hungry. Shrinking the tags means giving up both the antenna package — which enables radio-frequency communication — and the ability to run strong encryption.

In a paper presented yesterday at the IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), the researchers describe an ID chip that navigates all those tradeoffs. It’s millimeter-sized and runs on relatively low levels of power supplied by photovoltaic diodes. It also transmits data at far ranges, using a power-free “backscatter” technique that operates at a frequency hundreds of times higher than RFIDs. Algorithm optimization techniques also enable the chip to run a popular cryptography scheme that guarantees secure communications using extremely low energy.   

“We call it the ‘tag of everything.’ And everything should mean everything,” says co-author Ruonan Han, an associate professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and head of the Terahertz Integrated Electronics Group in the Microsystems Technology Laboratories (MTL). “If I want to track the logistics of, say, a single bolt or tooth implant or silicon chip, current RFID tags don’t enable that. We built a low-cost, tiny chip without packaging, batteries, or other external components, that stores and transmits sensitive data.”

Joining Han on the paper are: graduate students Mohamed I. Ibrahim, Muhammad Ibrahim Wasiq Khan, and Chiraag S. Juvekar; former postdoc associate Wanyeong Jung; former postdoc Rabia Tugce Yazicigil; and Anantha P. Chandrakasan, who is the dean of the MIT School of Engineering and the Vannevar Bush Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.

System integration

The work began as a means of creating better RFID tags. The team wanted to do away with packaging, which makes the tags bulky and increases manufacturing cost. They also wanted communication in the high terahertz frequency between microwave and infrared radiation — around 100 gigahertz and 10 terahertz — that enables chip integration of an antenna array and wireless communications at greater reader distances. Finally, they wanted cryptographic protocols because RFID tags can be scanned by essentially any reader and transmit their data indiscriminately.

But including all those functions would normally require building a fairly large chip. Instead, the researchers came up with “a pretty big system integration,” Ibrahim says, that enabled putting everything on a monolithic — meaning, not layered — silicon chip that was only about 1.6 square millimeters.

One innovation is an array of small antennas that transmit data back and forth via backscattering between the tag and reader. Backscatter, used commonly in RFID technologies, happens when a tag reflects an input signal back to a reader with slight modulations that correspond to data transmitted. In the researchers’ system, the antennas use some signal splitting and mixing techniques to backscatter signals in the terahertz range. Those signals first connect with the reader and then send data for encryption.

Implemented into the antenna array is a “beam steering” function, where the antennas focus signals toward a reader, making them more efficient, increasing signal strength and range, and reducing interference. This is the first demonstration of beam steering by a backscattering tag, according to the researchers.

Tiny holes in the antennas allow light from the reader to pass through to photodiodes underneath that convert the light into about 1 volt of electricity. That powers up the chip’s processor, which runs the chip’s “elliptic-curve-cryptography” (ECC) scheme. ECC uses a combination of private keys (known only to a user) and public keys (disseminated widely) to keep communications private. In the researchers’ system, the tag uses a private key and a reader’s public key to identify itself only to valid readers. That means any eavesdropper who doesn’t possess the reader’s private key should not be able to identify which tag is part of the protocol by monitoring just the wireless link.  

Optimizing the cryptographic code and hardware lets the scheme run on an energy-efficient and small processor, Yazicigil says. “It’s always a tradeoff,” she says. “If you tolerate a higher-power budget and larger size, you can include cryptography. But the challenge is having security in such a small tag with a low-power budget.”

Pushing the limits

Currently, the signal range sits around 5 centimeters, which is considered a far-field range — and allows for convenient use of a portable tag scanner. Next, the researchers hope to “push the limits” of the range even further, Ibrahim says. Eventually, they’d like many of the tags to ping one reader positioned somewhere far away in, say, a receiving room at a supply chain checkpoint. Many assets could then be verified rapidly.

“We think we can have a reader as a central hub that doesn’t have to come close to the tag, and all these chips can beam steer their signals to talk to that one reader,” Ibrahim says.

The researchers also hope to fully power the chip through the terahertz signals themselves, eliminating any need for photodiodes.

The chips are so small, easy to make, and inexpensive that they can also be embedded into larger silicon computer chips, which are especially popular targets for counterfeiting.

“The U.S. semiconductor industry suffered $7 billion to $10 billion in losses annually because of counterfeit chips,” Wasiq Khan says. “Our chip can be seamlessly integrated into other electronic chips for security purposes, so it could have huge impact on industry. Our chips cost a few cents each, but the technology is priceless,” he quipped.



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Why rapper Pop Smoke’s death is a tragedy bigger than music (PICS)

Today a friend asked me, “Who was Pop Smoke and why should we care about him? Rappers die every day.”

And perhaps part of this statement holds true.

While rappers die every day, we should never be so numb that we shirk our shoulders and don’t care when one loses his life. That’s what seems to happen far too often in this fast-paced, social media-driven world.

This is what too much information and not enough information at the same time does to us.

Pop Smoke was an emcee out of Brooklyn, leading the charge for the New York’s incarnation of the Trill movement.

NEW YORK, NY – AUGUST 30: Pop Smoke performs at the Soulfrito Music Festival at Barclays Center on August 30, 2019 in New York City. (Photo by Arik McArthur/Getty Images)

Charismatic. Handsome. Fashionable. As a new rapper on the scene, he seemed to be living the life that many only dreamt about. But as quickly has his star shot up into the sky, it was extinguished by part of the industry few people ever talk about: the shadow dwellers.

The world knew the “Welcome to The Party” chart-topper for his infectious grunts and adlibs. Some associated him with the notorious Brooklyn blended gang, The Woo. But I knew him as Bashar Jackson, one of the young kings of our church.

“That’s Why I Turn To God”

Years before he picked up a flag or a mic, Bashar was a dancer, a singer and a valued member of my faith community. He participated in the sacred arts and the Quiver ministry. Before the Christian Dior swag was his staple… before his voice deepened and his hair grew longer… Bashar was the man-ish tyke struggling to express himself as a warrior in the context of the images of manhood around him.

Pop Smoke as a child. (Courtesy Nicole Duncan Smith)

I first met Bashar when he was in early elementary school. He and my daughter, actress Eden Duncan-Smith (See You Yesterday, Annie) and actor Aubrey Joseph (Cloak and Dagger) were cast members of the church’s answer to the Black Nativity musical, Unto Us.

READ MORE: Rapper Pop Smoke reportedly shot and killed in Los Angeles

Bashar, Aubrey, and Eden were too young join the older kids in the cast (this trio would eventually enjoy success in their careers in pop culture around the same time) and were paired up with other little ones to perform a dance to “Who Would Imagine a King” by Whitney Houston from the Preacher’s Wife soundtrack.

Bashar and Eden were partnered together and located in the back of the performance, which persisted for years, but there was something about them that always beaconed forth.

While some might say it only talent, I believe it was their natural light.

Bashar would share many front-of-stage moments in the church. He also would share some behind the scene heartbreaks in the church. And as time went on, he grew up and found footing in other spaces.

Yet, his imprint on the building for the number of years he and his family spent in our midst was and still is immeasurable. His death is shaking us to our core.

“His death is shaking us to our core.”

Could we have done more to support his spiritual and religious growth? Perhaps. Maybe we could have stopped him from answering the call of the street that is so ever-present in the music that made him famous? I guess.

What we can say is that those early church experiences created a man-child of promise tapping into a gift that touched millions of people all over the world.

(Courtesy Nicole Duncan Smith)

I recently heard Pop Smoke talk about Paris in an interview with Angie Martinez. He was so excited and in love with the opportunity to see and do more than his wildest dreams had whispered were possible.

It made me think about “The Barsharettes.” Once, Bashar sang Sam Cooke’s “A Change Gonna Come” during a Maafa Moment and he had the appropriately named shoo wop pop girls backing him up.

He approached the song with a passion that spoke to his man-child soul and it separated him in many ways from boys his age in the church.

(Courtesy Nicole Duncan Smith)

Afterward, he and I spoke openly and honestly about what it was like to have such a spirit trapped inside of a world that did not always welcome it. He told me, “That’s why I turn to God.” And we would pray, until eventually he moved and we lost contact.

Lasting Legacy

One young person spoke about Pop Smoke’s passing and compared the pain his generation is feeling as similar to that pang we encountered when The Notorious B.I.G. was murdered. While, at first, I dismissed that thought, I had to admit that maybe this death is that for them. As Nip was this generation’s Tupac.

The similarities are eery. Both were murdered a year apart and both claimed different coasts- one a vet in music but just coming into their shine (Nip/Pac), and the other just dropping their second record and promoting it heavy (Pop/ Big).

READ MORE: New York City street named for rapper Notorious B.I.G.

NEW YORK, NY – AUGUST 30: Pop Smoke performs at the Soulfrito Music Festival at Barclays Center on August 30, 2019 in New York City. (Photo by Arik McArthur/Getty Images)

And so I get why you all are numb. You are numb because TMZ shared the details of his death before they thought to check in with Bashar’s mother. You are numb because this is not the first time that TMZ has looked at Black bodies and commodified them before they honored them. You are numb because we absorb trauma, and we don’t stop to see the soul behind the quick tweet or fading snap chat.

Pop Smoke was a king. Not just a trill rapper. Not the sum of his flaws and shortcomings. Not just another dumb n*gga out there promoting dumb n*gga sh*t.

Pop Smoke was a king, with a bounty of people that loved him like crazy. And he will be missed.


Nicole Duncan-Smith is from West Philadelphia born and raised, and in the playground is where she spent most of her days. Currently, she serves as a and a contributing editor at theGrio and an ordained Reverend at the St. Paul Community Baptist Church, where she lectures on Hip-Hop as a viable love language to teach the Gospel.   

The post Why rapper Pop Smoke’s death is a tragedy bigger than music (PICS) appeared first on TheGrio.



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Acid attack survivor: 'There are more good people than bad'

Atsede Nguse's husband disfigured her in Ethiopia, but well-wishers have helped her recovery.

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Crossing Divides: 'The football photos that saved my life'

A Tutsi on the verge of being killed by Hutu extremists in 1994 recalls how his life was saved as those who had come to kill him realised he played for one of Rwanda’s top clubs.

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What If ‘Planetary Alignment’ Really Could Make Brooms Balance?

Celestial bodies aren't the reason broomsticks can stand up on end. If they were, it would unleash gravitational chaos.

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Tyrone D. Smith Jr.: Human Capital Strategist Is Invested In Developing Young Leaders

Human capital strategist Tyrone D. Smith Jr.

BE Modern Man: Tyrone D. Smith Jr., Ph.D.

Innovator, future of work enthusiast; 33; Human capital strategist, analytics leader; Board Member, New Leaders Council

Instagram: @dr_tsmith

Having completed my doctoral degree, I’m presently in the field of human capital analytics in a human capital strategist leadership role. I take advantage of people analytics to drive action and insights by leveraging a customer-centric, evidence-based approach to align talent strategy with business strategy. I also link talent with value creation by enabling cutting-edge techniques, modeling and technology, and advanced consulting skills, to drive better business outcomes regarding talent and the future of work.

I’m also an active volunteer involved in Big Brothers Big Sisters with a little brother who I share experiences with and help guide. Additionally, I’m a board member (and former 2018 fellow) for the New Leaders Council in the Dallas-Fort Worth area, a fellowship program that helps develop leadership skills in young leaders. It’s amazing to do such work and see the impact and how much it truly helps others.

WHAT ARE YOU MOST PROUD OF IN LIFE?

As a young boy growing up in Miami, at a very young age I began to understand the intrinsic value of the power of giving back to the community and others.

Overall in life, I am most proud of my ability to give back to those around me in order to lift them up as I climb and continue to strive toward excellence. For example, I thoroughly enjoyed watching one of my mentees secure multiple scholarships to help him confidently go for a college education, as well as his first internship to gain some real-world experience. I strongly believe that the impact and power of mentorship can never be overstated. I find it rejuvenating to reach back and help push people forward while helping them realize their full potential. I’m proud to be able to help set another on a path for success. However, I must add, as I only learned of this recently, that I am also proud of being awarded second place for the International Society for Performance Improvement 2019 Distinguished Dissertation Award. It was a complete surprise and an incredible honor for me as a human capital strategist, and I am humbly grateful that others are seeing and celebrating the work I’m passionate about.

HOW HAVE YOU TURNED STRUGGLE INTO SUCCESS?

There’s always an opportunity to change the narrative regardless of your background. For me, my struggle was managing and balancing life as I started my doctoral program, assisted with small academic side assignments, worked a full-time job, and los[ing] my mom. I knew I was doing the doctoral program for myself, but with my mom being the influence in my life and creating a solid foundation for my future, always emphasizing the importance of God, family, and education, I pushed harder through the program as she became my catalyst. I wanted to complete the program for her, too, while never forgetting about my “Why?” for starting the journey. That, along with prayer, perseverance, motivation, and focus helped.

Though I lost her while completing my program, I chose to focus on the positive of that experience rather than the negative. It’s often said that there’s a light at the end of the tunnel, but what I realized through this is that it’s best to have your own light shine from within you, so that you may light up the present rather than wait on reaching the light at the end. My mother had been my support, motivation, and strength in spirit even when life and this doctoral journey seemed too challenging. I often thought of my her during these challenges, which gave me the courage to push through, as I constantly reminded myself that, “I can do all things through Christ which strengtheneth me.” (Philippians 4:13 [KJV]).

WHO WAS YOUR GREATEST MALE ROLE MODEL AND WHAT DID YOU LEARN FROM HIM?

Although I only had him for a short while in my life, my granddad was my greatest male role model. He was a hardworking man from Georgia. He served in the military, and he always did things that I didn’t see as the norm for people to do at that age. As I became older and had mentors appear in my life, I began to see attributes of him in each of those mentors.

WHAT’S THE BEST ADVICE YOU’VE EVER RECEIVED?

The best advice I’ve ever been given was by a professor of one of my very first classes at Florida A&M University. She always told our class to “Plan your work and work your plan.” At that time the phrase really didn’t have much meaning to me. However, it was something that somehow stuck with me. Ever since then, everything I did and have done has been in reference back to that quote: I planned my work and worked my plan. I’ve seen dividends pay off from following this advice, including with my work as a human capital strategist. Thus, whenever I come across a challenge, I remind myself of this advice and it has yet to fail me.

HOW ARE YOU PAYING IT FORWARD TO SUPPORT OTHER BLACK MALES?

I pay it forward to support other black males by being involved in various service initiatives. One initiative I started nearly a decade ago at my alma mater, Florida A&M University (FAMU): being on the founding Board of the Collegiate 100 at FAMU. Later, while working my first job after graduating college, I moved to Los Angeles, and I joined a community initiative geared toward helping black males of that city. While on a short assignment in South Africa, I volunteered to help underprivileged males in the community. I have always striven to give back whether through service or speaking opportunities. Most recently, in having moved to the Dallas-Fort Worth area, I joined Big Brothers Big Sisters to continue coaching, mentoring, and facilitating leadership development of young black men.

HOW DO YOU DEFINE MANHOOD?

I associate manhood with strength and courage; the ability to learn from mistakes and take responsibility for one’s actions. It’s a state of being, a mindset, that sets an example to younger men. Be authentic, be consistent and the best king you can be…

WHAT DO YOU LIKE MOST ABOUT BEING A BLACK MAN?

What I like most about being a black man is the versatility and how I don’t have to try to be anything or anyone but myself. I like the challenge of the odds being against me, while also being motivated to change the narrative. The challenges and obstacles our ancestors went through give us an incentive to be great in all capacities. I love being a black man, but I especially love being a black man who can be of great influence and inspiration to others.

 


BE Modern Man is an online and social media campaign designed to celebrate black men making valuable contributions in every profession, industry, community, and area of endeavor. Each year, we solicit nominations in order to select men of color for inclusion in the 100 Black Enterprise Modern Men of Distinction. Our goal is to recognize men who epitomize the BEMM credo “Extraordinary is our normal” in their day-to-day lives, presenting authentic examples of the typical black man rarely seen in mainstream media. The BE Modern Men of Distinction are celebrated annually at Black Men XCEL (www.blackenterprise.com/blackmenxcel/). Click this link to submit a nomination for BE Modern Man: https://www.blackenterprise.com/nominate/. Follow BE Modern Man on Twitter: @bemodernman and Instagram: @be_modernman.

 

 

 



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Boosie Badazz puts Dwyane Wade on blast for support of Zaya’s Gender Change

While Dwyane Wade and Gabrielle Union were met with a lot of positive feedback regarding their daughter Zaya Wade‘s change of name and the public reveal of her gender identity, many have chimed in negatively with their thoughts.

Boosie Badazz is among those against the family’s decision to support Zaya. Also known as Lil Boosie, the Louisiana-born rapper, the took to Instagram to rant on the matter. ”Don’t cut his f*cking d*ck off!”

READ MORE: Lil Boosie sets the record straight about his alleged fistfight with George Zimmerman

While at the gym on February 18th, Boosie recorded an Instagram video with a number of transphobic comments in response to Zaya’s decision to come out as a transgender girl.

 

View this post on Instagram

 

IM GO SAY IT SINCE THIS PUSSY ASS WORLD AINT GO SAY SHIT ‼️U TRIPPIN NIGGA #period

A post shared by Boosie BadAzz (@officialboosieig) on

“I gotta say something about this shit, bro. Dwyane Wade, you went too fucking far, dawg,” he said in his IG video. “That is a male. A 12-year-old. At 12, they don’t even know what they next meal is gonna be. They don’t have shit figured out yet. He might meet a woman, anything, at 16 and fall in love with her. But his dick be gone—how he gon’—like, bruh, you going too far, dawg.”

The “Nasty Nasty” rapper criticized Wade for supporting his daughter’s gender identity and warns that the child is too young to make such a drastic decision. The 37-year-old rapper emphasized that while he is willing to accept Zaya may be gay, referring to him as female is not acceptable.

“Like, bruh, for real, if he gon’ be gay, let him be gay,” he stated. “…Don’t—and dress him as a woman, dawg. He’s 12 years old. He’s not up there yet. He hasn’t made his final decisions yet. Don’t cut his fucking dick off, Dwyane Wade, bruh. You fucking trippin’, dawg.”

The Wades have not shared any information about Zaya undergoing gender reassignment surgery, but have however related information about the pronouns Zaya has chosen to identify herself by.

On social media, Boosie sparked a myriad of reactions, both in support and against his transphobic comments on this child. Many of the comments pushing for Boosie to worry about his own eight kids and not Wayne’s daughter.

 

Boosie known for making controversial comments was also called out after releasing the video for his past remarks in 2017 about wanting his then 14-year-old son to receive “some head” from a ”Bad B*tch”.

READ MORE: Dwyane Wade is proud of his child Zaya and wants her to ‘be her best self’

Union and Wade have not taken to social media to respond to Boosie’s rant, but have made prior posts in complete support of their daughter Zaya’s decision.

 

The post Boosie Badazz puts Dwyane Wade on blast for support of Zaya’s Gender Change appeared first on TheGrio.



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Emmanuel Adebayor: Togo veteran explains reasons for Paraguay move

Togo's Emmanuel Adebayor says his ex-team-mate Roque Santa Cruz and the six-year-old son of Olimpia's club president convinced him to move to Paraguay.

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'Beat Saber' Is a VR Workout for People Who Don't Like Exercise

The game turns music and sword-fighting into a hardcore fitness activity.

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Algorithms Were Supposed to Fix the Bail System. They Haven't

A nonprofit group encouraged states to use mathematical formulas to try to eliminate racial inequities. Now, it says the tools have no place in criminal justice.

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Fueled by Culture is Creating Space for Black Creatives and Entrepreneurs to Connect with Tech Leaders

Fueled by Culture

Former basketball player Marcus Damas is scoring big as an entrepreneur. As the founder of Fueled by Culture, Damas is at the intersection of marketing and culture. In 2016, he launched the “talent-oriented, creative and event production company founded in deep personal relationships with the drivers of today’s attention,” according to the company’s website.

Since then, he and his team have curated countless experiences for celebrities, executives, entrepreneurs, and organizations across various industries.

Last week, Fueled by Culture partnered with Microsoft for Startups for its signature event, Tech & Culture at The Mezzanine featuring star media personality, author, and philanthropist Karen Civil, joined by Andreessen Horowitz executive and tech leader Chris Lyons.

Merging tech and culture is one of the ways that Damas believes black creatives and professionals can become more fluent in technology and other social languages.

Fueled by Culture

Marcus Damas, founder and CEO of Fueled by Culture (Photo Credit: Jamel Martin)

“Our people work in technology. Some are in technology and they don’t even know it. Or, they’re in technology and they don’t have a voice—and they don’t know how to navigate it. So to me, if our people see things under the lens of culture and see things crystal clear.”

Given Fueled by Culture’s success, Microsoft decided to partner with the marketing company to create a networking experience with the goal to get more black professionals into the tech and culture space.

“Microsoft saw the value in bridging technology and culture and they saw us as being the best partner for them,” said Damas.

Tech & Culture

The Mezzanine was full to capacity with standing room only as creatives, entrepreneurs, and techies awaited Lyons and Civil’s conversation. During the event, Civil and Lyons discussed how technology and culture are making significant impacts in their respective industries in a conversation led by Isa Watson, founder and CEO of Squad, a community for connection.

Civil’s ambition and entrepreneurial mindset have set her apart as a businesswoman. And, she says that it all started by being digitally and tech-savvy.

Fueled by Culture

Chris Lyons and Karen Civil (Photo Credit: Jamel Martin)

“The tech digital space is how I started my career. Remember the AOL disk? That was my way of communicating with people outside of my community.”

Civil went from communicating with a pen pal while in high school to leveraging opportunities like meeting her favorite boy band. From there, she began to strategize ways to tell stories and connect with others while getting paid. She now works with movers and shakers in hip-hop, politics, and leaders at major corporations. And as a businesswoman, she is committed to helping her clients and other entrepreneurs understand how technology can help further their business.

And, she is also excited about the efforts to educate young people about tech.

“In the black community, it’s now a conversation that’s being had more. Seeing girls code and Google opening up their doors is exciting. And now, there are new opportunities and new careers,” added Civil.

For Lyons, fueling the culture looks like being able to ignite communities of color economically through his work at Andreessen Horowitz.

“We have the Cultural Leadership Fund, which is a strategic partnership with the world’s greatest cultural leaders. And that’s in the worlds of athletes, entertainers, musicians, and senior-level executives—who are all African American—who are helping to foster what we call shared genius.”

Those leaders are then connected with tech companies to help foster a new level of culture. Lyons also adds that the fund is an innovative way to move businesses forward.

Additionally, through his work, the tech industry is becoming more diverse.

“One hundred percent of the proceeds from our fund with management fees and carry (carried interest) go to a select number of nonprofits that help advance more African Americans into technology. We think that it’s extremely important to be able to identify the talent outside of the traditional ecosystems where Silicon Valley’s pool is coming from and help equip the next generation,” said Lyons.

Connecting through Culture

Watson, the founder of Squad, says that culture is that one thing that is authentic through and through. Therefore, it impacts the way people connect.

“When you’re online, you have all these, like curated types of interactions, and these curated types of ways that you present yourself. But when you’re in person and you’re live, right? I’m the embodiment of your own culture and your ability to embrace it better enables your ability to connect with somebody,” said Watson.

To that point, that is what made the Fueled by Culture event a success. Tech & Culture was a unique networking experience for some of the brightest creatives and entrepreneurs.

“Being an entrepreneur, there is no blueprint to success or to get from A to Z. So, it’s important to gather as much perspective as possible. We want to create an environment where people can pull perspective and apply it as necessary.”

Tech & Culture is an ongoing event series and Damas plans to continue to uplift the community and further the culture.

 



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LeBron James adds children’s book author to his impressive accolades

LeBron James’ accolades on the court are legendary – three NBA championship rings, four-time MVP, 16 All-Star Game appearances. Now, as a children’s book author, James is making an off-court move that could propel him even further in the hearts and minds of his youngest fans.

READ MORE: Kent State will provide free tuition for eligible students from LeBron James’ I Promise School

HarperCollins Publishers announced a two-book deal with the Los Angeles Laker star starting with an August release of his debut picture book, I PROMISE, to be followed next year by a middle-grade novel, reports Entertainment Weekly.

James, 35, and father of three children, said he was inspired to create a story where every child could see him or herself. The picture book is illustrated by Nina Mata.

“Books have the ability to teach, inspire, and bring people together,” James said in a statement, according to EW. “That’s why these books, and the opportunity to get children and parents reading together, mean so much to me. Most importantly, we wanted to make sure these stories are ones that every single kid can see themselves in. I PROMISE is powerful in that way and I can’t wait for people to read it.”

I PROMISE is described on HarperCollins’ website as “a lively and inspiring picture book that reminds us that tomorrow’s success starts with the promises we make to ourselves and our community today” and “has the power to inspire all children and families to be their best,” reported PEOPLE magazine.

READ MORE: LeBron James and Lakers pay tribute to Kobe Bryant

The book gets its name from James’ I Promise School in Akron, Ohio. The NBA superstar founded the elementary school in 2018, aiming to give a stable learning environment to at-risk kids.

The LeBron James Family Foundation started the I Promise Network in 2011. It has since grown to more than 1,400 Akron students in sixth through 11th grade, who receive mentoring, college and career preparation and family support from the foundation.

The post LeBron James adds children’s book author to his impressive accolades appeared first on TheGrio.



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Kenan Thompson to headline 2020 White House Correspondents’ Dinner

Saturday Night Live’s Kenan Thompson and Netflix’s Hasan Minhaj will headline this year’s White House Correspondents’ Dinner in April.

Thompson, the long-time SNL comedian, will host the dinner and Minhaj, who can be seen on Netflix’s Patriot Act with Hasan Minhaj and was a former Daily Show correspondent, will be the featured entertainer. No word yet on whether President Donald Trump will attend the event. He has broken presidential tradition the past three years and didn’t show up for the affair.

READ MORE: No, Michelle Wolf isn’t Black, but after her savage takedown at White House Correspondents’ Dinner, we’ll trade Kanye for her in the racial draft

“Kenan and Hasan are two of the most engaged and engaging entertainers in America. I’m thrilled they’ll help us celebrate the role of a free press in our democracy,” Jonathan Karl, president of the White House Correspondents Association and ABC News’ chief White House correspondent, said according to Variety. “We’re looking forward to a lively evening honoring the most important political journalism of the past year.”

Last year, in lieu of the traditional jokes and laughter at the expense of political figures, the White House Correspondents Dinner instead provided guests with a primer on journalism. Historian Ron Chernow discussed journalism’s history and the importance of the First Amendment.

In 2018, comedian Michelle Wolf sparked controversy at the event after she attacked former White House Press Secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders.

“I think she’s very resourceful, like she burns facts and then she uses that ash to create a perfect smokey eye,” Wolf told the audience about Sanders. “Maybe she’s born with it, maybe it’s lies.”

Wolf also went hard at President Trump, his aides, Republicans, Democrats and also the media, which she said let Trump go unchecked too often. “He has helped you sell your papers and your books and your TV. You helped create this monster and now you are profiting from him,” Wolf said.

READ MORE: Second-time ‘SNL’ host Chance the Rapper brings awareness to Chicago teachers

In 2006, Stephen Colbert headlined the affair and sparked controversy when he delivered a monologue about former President George W. Bush.

“I stand by this man,” Colbert told the audience about Bush. ” I stand by this man because he stands for things. Not only for things, he stands on things. Things like aircraft carriers, and rubble, and recently flooded city squares. And that sends a strong message: that no matter what happens to America, she will always rebound—with the most powerfully staged photo ops in the world.”

The post Kenan Thompson to headline 2020 White House Correspondents’ Dinner appeared first on TheGrio.



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Libya conflict: Tripoli rocket attacks halt peace talks

The UN-backed government says it cannot continue at the negotiations if it is under bombardment.

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How the Pink Princess and the Pink Congo Scam Flourished Online

The pink princess philodendron is the ultimate Instagram plant, with three-digit price tags to match. The following it cultivated was also ripe for deception.

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Do Fans of Cartoon Porn Stars Hate (Real) Women?

The fanbase of Projekt Melody—an anime camgirl and the next step in digital sexuality—may overlap with the more misogynistic corners of the internet.

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Cheap Nanoparticles Pave the Way for Carbon-Neutral Fuel

A new way to produce nanoparticles—which convert carbon dioxide emissions into fuel—may help a niche green-energy technology go mainstream.

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Morocco submits bid to stage Caf club competition finals

Morocco submits a bid to host the finals of this year's Caf club competitions - in both the African Champions League and the African Confederation Cup.

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A Coding School Tuition Model Spreads to 4-Year Colleges

Income share agreements first gained popularity with tech bootcamps. Now some traditional universities are offering the tools as substitutes for student loans.

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African Nations Championship: McKinstry confident of Uganda CHAN progress

Uganda coach Johnny McKinstry says the Cranes are 'in a good position' to go beyond the group stage of the African Nations Championship (CHAN) for the first time.

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Tuesday, February 18, 2020

3 Questions: MIT’s Quality of Life Survey is here

MIT has launched the latest iteration of its Quality of Life Survey, a major project to solicit feedback from students, staff, and faculty about a full range of campus issues, from social concerns to academic and workplace matters. Overseen by the MIT Council on Family and Work and by MIT Institutional Research, the 2020 edition is the first to simultaneously generate feedback from students, faculty, and staff; previously, separate surveys had been developed for different campus groups.

MIT News talked with three leaders who are helping to run the 2020 Quality of Life Survey: Amy Glasmeier, a professor in the Department of Urban Studies and Planning and co-chair of the MIT Council on Family and Work; Ken Goldsmith, assistant dean for finance and planning in the School of Architecture and Planning and co-chair of the MIT Council on Family and Work; and Lydia Snover, director of MIT Institutional Research.

Q: What is the Quality of Life Survey?

Goldsmith: It’s a barometer of the satisfaction people have at MIT within the context of their lives. It’s a way of seeing what is impacting people’s lives. Ultimately our job is to look at the data and determine whether there are measures we can take at MIT to address these areas that need attention.

Glasmeier: The most basic questions are completely relevant to everyone, including faculty, staff, and students. They’re about friendships at work and among students, about having access to the resources you need to do your job well, about feeling appreciated by the people you work for, and if you feel appreciated by the people who are working around you.

Snover: Initially the surveys were really about child care. But it’s gone beyond that because not everybody has children at home. And child care quickly brought up issues of elder care. … We ask questions about whether people feel comfortable. We’re very concerned about whether people have inclusive work and learning environments. There are questions on gender identity, sexuality, disability, and more that will allow us to better understand issues pertaining to these unique groups. Ultimately the survey explores the intersection of work and nonwork life and how one affects the other.

Glasmeier: When we finish, we will have results that will inform the kinds of experiences and benefits that MIT can offer for people here. The results will be used to understand how people do their work and manage their studies, what obstacles might prevent them from thriving, and what opportunities empower them to do their best. For example, in 2016, we were interested in the flexibility people wanted to have in executing their work, and the extent to which they had that. As a result we did experiments, and in different parts of the Institute people can now work in a flexible work environment and not have to negotiate it in a complex way.

Q: What measures does the Institute take to address issues of privacy and security for respondents?

Snover: The Institutional Research office has the ultimate responsibility for the data coming from the community’s responses. The data is securely stored and is only accessed by very experienced analysts with training for research involving human subjects. All results are initially reported by Institutional Research staff in a way that protects the confidentiality of the individual. People who subsequently use the data only have access to aggregate results. There are several open-ended questions on the survey, and respondents are informed those comments will be read verbatim and are advised not to include any identifying information. We are often told that people worry that their supervisor, department head, or senior officer will have access to their individual responses.  They will not. No individual responses become part of anyone’s permanent record.

Goldsmith: Confidentiality is a hot-button item, and we can’t stress enough that the Office of Institutional Research is a lockbox for that information.

Snover: We’re committed to transparency in the results, but we’re equally committed to confidentiality for the respondents.

Q: What happens when the period for answering the Quality of Life Survey is finished?

Glasmeier: We’re going to write short analysis papers that summarize the results. These will address specific concerns and experiences people have here. … We work with the MIT Work-Life Center and MIT Human Resources, and they are policy designers and implementers. So far we’ve been very successful at incorporating change into the kinds of benefits or experiences people have.

The postdoc program that exists now in the Office of the Vice President for Research is a very good example. They [postdocs] were really frank about what it’s like to be here, [the struggle to] afford child care, and everything else. Previous surveys have shown the same results, and these issues have been taken seriously and incorporated into the [Postdoctoral Services] programming in the Office of the Vice President for Research.

Goldsmith: The Council on Family and Work is looking at the whole community. There are segments within that community — postdocs, women faculty, junior faculty, junior women faculty, and more — that are examples of areas we want to focus on and respond to. The survey population includes Lincoln Laboratory as well as employees on campus. We feel strongly about hearing from as many people as possible.

Glasmeier: We have been visiting as many groups on campus as possible, including the graduate student council, undergraduates, the Dean’s Group, the Working Group on Support Staff Issues, and individual senior officers, and we’re really encouraged. There is a strong interest in knowing how people in the MIT community feel about their work and their lives outside of work. MIT is a great place, but every place can always improve.



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How to deflect an asteroid

On April 13, 2029, an icy chunk of space rock, wider than the Eiffel Tower is tall, will streak by Earth at 30 kilometers per second, grazing the planet’s sphere of geostationary satellites. It will be the closest approach by one of the largest asteroids crossing Earth’s orbit in the next decade.

Observations of the asteroid, known as 99942 Apophis, for the Egyptian god of chaos, once suggested that its 2029 flyby would take it through a gravitational keyhole — a location in Earth’s gravity field that would tug the asteroid’s trajectory such that on its next flyby, in the year 2036, it would likely make a devastating impact.

Thankfully, more recent observations have confirmed that the asteroid will sling by Earth without incident in both 2029 and 2036. Nevertheless, most scientists believe it is never too early to consider strategies for deflecting an asteroid if one were ever on a crash course with our home planet.

Now MIT researchers have devised a framework for deciding which type of mission would be most successful in deflecting an incoming asteroid. Their decision method takes into account an asteroid’s mass and momentum, its proximity to a gravitational keyhole, and the amount of warning time that scientists have of an impending collision — all of which have degrees of uncertainty, which the researchers also factor in to identify the most successful mission for a given asteroid.

The researchers applied their method to Apophis, and Bennu, another near-Earth asteroid which is the target of OSIRIS-REx, an operational NASA mission that plans to return a sample of Bennu’s surface material to Earth in 2023. REXIS, an instrument designed and built by students at MIT, is also part of this mission and its task is to characterize the abundance of chemical elements at the surface.

In a paper appearing this month in the journal Acta Astronautica, the researchers use their decision map to lay out the type of mission that would likely have the most success in deflecting Apophis and Bennu, in various scenarios in which the asteroids may be headed toward a gravitational keyhole. They say the method could be used to design the optimal mission configuration and campaign to deflect a potentially hazardous near-Earth asteroid.

“People have mostly considered strategies of last-minute deflection, when the asteroid has already passed through a keyhole and is heading toward a collision with Earth,” says Sung Wook Paek, lead author of the study and a former graduate student in MIT’s Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics. “I’m interested in preventing keyhole passage well before Earth impact. It’s like a preemptive strike, with less mess.”

Paek’s co-authors at MIT are Olivier de Weck, Jeffrey Hoffman, Richard Binzel, and David Miller.

Deflecting a planet-killer

In 2007, NASA concluded in a report submitted to the U.S. Congress that in the event that an asteroid were headed toward Earth, the most effective way to deflect it would be to launch a nuclear bomb into space. The force of its detonation would blast the asteroid away, though the planet would then have to contend with any nuclear fallout. The use of nuclear weapons to mitigate asteroid impacts remains a controversial issue in the planetary defense community.

The second best option was to send up a “kinetic impactor” — a spacecraft, rocket, or other projectile that, if aimed at just the right direction, with adequate speed, should collide with the asteroid, transfer some fraction of its momentum, and veer it off course.

“The basic physics principle is sort of like playing billiards,” Paek explains.

For any kinetic impactor to be successful, however, de Weck, a professor of aeronautics and astronautics and engineering systems, says the properties of the asteroid, such as its mass, momentum, trajectory, and surface composition must be known “as precisely as possible.” That means that, in designing a deflection mission, scientists and mission managers need to take uncertainty into account.

“Does it matter if the probability of success of a mission is 99.9 percent or only 90 percent? When it comes to deflecting a potential planet-killer, you bet it does,” de Weck says. “Therefore we have to be smarter when we design missions as a function of the level of uncertainty. No one has looked at the problem this way before.”

Closing a keyhole

Paek and his colleagues developed a simulation code to identify the type of asteroid deflection mission that would have the best possibility of success, given an asteroid’s set of uncertain properties.

The missions they considered include a basic kinetic impactor, in which a projectile is shot into space to nudge an asteroid off course. Other variations involved sending a scout to first measure the asteroid to hone the specs of a projectile that would be sent up later, or sending two scouts, one to measure the asteroid and the other to push the asteroid slightly off course before a larger projectile is subsequently launched to make the asteroid miss Earth with near certainty.

The researchers fed into the simulation specific variables such as the asteroid’s mass, momentum, and trajectory, as well as the range of uncertainty in each of these variables. Most importantly, they factored in an asteroid’s proximity to a gravitational keyhole, as well as the amount of time scientists have before an asteroid passes through the keyhole.

“A keyhole is like a door — once it’s open, the asteroid will impact Earth soon after, with high probability,” Paek says.

The researchers tested their simulation on Apophis and Bennu, two of only a handful of asteroids for which the locations of their gravitational keyholes with respect to Earth are known. They simulated various distances between each asteroid and their respective keyhole, and also calculated for each distance a “safe harbor” region where an asteroid would have to be deflected so that it would avoid both an impact with Earth and passing through any other nearby keyhole.

They then evaluated which of the three main mission types would be most successful at deflecting the asteroid into a safe harbor, depending on the amount of time scientists have to prepare.

For instance, if Apophis will pass through a keyhole in five years or more, then there is enough time to send two scouts — one to measure the asteroid’s dimensions and the other to nudge it slightly off track as a test — before sending a main impactor. If keyhole passage occurs within two to five years, there may be time to send one scout to measure the asteroid and tune the parameters of a larger projectile before sending the impactor up to divert the asteroid. If Apophis passes through its keyhole within one Earth year or less, Paek says it may be too late.

“Even a main impactor may not be able to reach the asteroid within this timeframe,” Paek says.

Bennu is a similar case, although scientists know a bit more about its material composition, which means that it may not be necessary to send up investigatory scouts before launching a projectile.

With the team’s new simulation tool, Peak plans to estimate the success of other deflection missions in the future.

“Instead of changing the size of a projectile, we may be able to change the number of launches and send up multiple smaller spacecraft to collide with an asteroid, one by one. Or we could launch projectiles from the moon or use defunct satellites as kinetic impactors,” Paek says. “We’ve created a decision map which can help in prototyping a mission.”

This research was supported, in part, by NASA, Draper Laboratory, and the Samsung Foundation of Culture.



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